Green indicates more than one standard deviation above the mean, yellow indicates less than one standard deviation above the mean, orange indicates less than one standard deviation below the mean, and red indicates more than one standard deviation below the mean. This information can be useful for showing how students' standing compared with the rest of the class changed over time. Israel, for example, started off greater than one standard deviation below the mean (red) and finished greater than one standard deviation ABOVE the mean (green), a greater improvement relative to the class.
This graph shows the relative change of the mean, one standard deviation above and below the mean, and the maximum over the course of the tests. This shows that, on the whole, the class improved with each test over the grading period.
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